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Niels Bohr

1885-1962

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Danish physicist who was the first to apply the quantum theory, which restricts the energy of a system to certain discrete values, to the problem of atomic and molecular structure. For this work he received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922. He developed the so-called Bohr theory of the atom and liquid model of the atomic nucleus.

Biography

1885 born October 7 in Copenhagen, Denmark
1891 entered the Grammelholms school
1903 took his Studenterexamen, following the completion of his secondary school education and entered the University of Copenhagen
1906 won the Gold Medal from the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences for his analysis of vibrations of water jets as a means of determining surface tension
1909 received his Master's degree from the University of Copenhagen
1911 earned his PhD in Denmark with a dissertation on the electron theory of metals and went to England to study with J. J. Thompson. He also began a correspondance with Rutherford that continued until 1937
1912 he joined Rutherford and his theories, moving to the Victoria University, Manchester and married Margrethe Norlund
1913 appointed as a docent in Copenhagen
1917 elected to the Danish Academy of Sciences and he began to plan for an Institute of Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen
1920 he contributed his theoretical description of the periodic table of elements
1921 the Institute of Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen opened and he became its director, a position he held for the rest of his life
1922 won the Nobel Prize for physics
1925 Quantum mechanics may be said to have arrived
1936 he contributed his theory of the atomic nucleus being a compound structure
1937 made a world tour to the United States, Japan, China and the USSR with his wife and son
1939 he contributed his understanding of uranium fission in terms of the isotope 235
1943 had to escape the Nazis by being taken to Sweden by fishing boat
1944 he became deeply concerned about the control of nuclear weapons and tried to persuade Churchill and Roosevelt for the need to have international cooperation
1950 wrote a public letter to the United Nations arguing for rational, peaceful atomic policies
1957 received the first U.S. Atoms for Peace Award
1962 died from a heart attack in his home November 18